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Another success for the Standard Model of particle physics.

The new achievements of the research team led by the Department of Physics of Peking University were highly praised by Nature.

For the first time, they observed a new three-boson joint production process of double W bosons and photons (WWγ).

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This discovery is extremely rare and critical – it took billions of “collisions” to obtain 250 discoveries,The probability of discovering the “God particle” Higgs boson is only 1/50finally able to verify the standard model.

Relevant results were published in Physical Review Letters and were selected as editor-recommended papers.

Joint production of three bosons observed for the first time

First, let’s take a brief look at the protagonists of this discovery—the three fundamental particles. Two oppositely charged particles W bosons W + and W -, and a photon γ.

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We know that there are four basic interactions in the universe: gravitational interaction, electromagnetic interaction, strong interaction and weak interaction. Each interaction is carried by a certain type of intermediary particle, called a boson.

In the Standard Model, massless photons (γ) travel through long-range electromagnetic interactions.

The W boson is an elementary particle responsible for transmitting weak interactions. The W boson had previously been discovered and proven to be an important particle involved in nuclear fusion.

However, the W boson has a very heavy mass, about 85 times that of a proton, and is usually difficult to detect in experiments. Only through a high-energy device such as the Large Hadron Collider LHC is it possible to “bump” one. And it is even more difficult to find a shape like W+W-γ.

The research team used the Compact Muon Coil (CMS) detector at the LHC to screen and analyze data from billions of 13TeV proton-proton collisions between 2016 and 2018, and made the first observation with a statistical confidence of more than 5 times the standard deviation. Here comes the new three-boson joint production process of double W bosons and photons (WWγ).

The research team further explained to China Science News that the 5.6 times standard deviation is compared with the case where there is no three-boson process (i.e., the null hypothesis), which also means that the data supports the existence of the three-boson process.

They then gave a number of strong restrictive results on the coupling of Higgs and light quarks.

Li Qiang’s team from Peking University Physics

According to the official website of the Department of Technical Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, this achievement was proposed and led by Li Qiang’s research group in the CMS International Cooperation Group.

An Ying, a 2017 doctoral candidate at the School of Physics, Peking University (currently a postdoctoral fellow at DESY, the German Electron Synchrotron Center), is the person in charge of the analysis.

Accurately measuring the joint production process of multi-bosons, especially three-bosons, has always been one of the frontier hot spots in the field of high-energy collider physics. It can be used to detect non-Abelian interactions and test the standard model.

Li Qiang's team has been committed to multi-boson physics research at high-energy collider since 2010. In 2022, they achieved the world's first search for the three-W boson resonance state and developed identification and calibration technology for 3-quark and 4-quark characteristic injections.

This research opens up a new route in the search for new physics.

Li Qiang told China Science News that high-energy physics is indeed in a difficult period.

Exploring in inaccessible places, although there are unknowns and challenges, there is also the possibility of new discoveries.

Reference links:

  • (1)https://ppnp.pku.edu.cn/info/1020/2145.htm

  • (2)https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2024/3/519806.shtm

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